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In order to comprehend the mechanism of solute transport and to develop predictive models, it is critical to first develop an accurate monitoring protocol to monitor the field-scale solute mass flux through an undisturbed soil profile. A total solute flux monitoring protocol recently developed for tile-drained systems was extended to a coarse loamy sand soil with a perched water table located at 1...
In order to be able to make predictions about the bioavailability and transport of contaminants and nutrients in soils, detailed knowledge is required about the adsorption of natural organic matter on the surface of oxides, as well as the processes of competition with the different ions present in the soil. With this aim, experiments investigating the adsorption of a soil humic acid (SHA) on goethite...
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy has been proposed as new method for determining the degree of humification of organic matter (OM) in whole soils. It can be also used to analyze the OM in whole soils containing large amounts of paramagnetic materials, and which are neither feasible to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) nor to 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy...
Soil scientists often have many covariates that they can use to predict soil properties by regression. They are ill-advised to use all available covariates uncritically, but methods for selection (whether informal or formal) that depend on data for both the predictors and the predictand are subject to selection bias. In this paper we propose an approach that uses automated methods for selecting variables,...
Catalytic digestion with MnO 2 was shown to be a suitable treatment for promoting organic matter humification in olive oil mill wastewater in order to increase its potential as a soil amendment and reduce environmental risk. In this study, the effects of addition of either lagooned wastewater (LW) or catalytically digested wastewater (CW) at two rates on soil and soil humic acid (HA) properties...
We have investigated the clay mineralogy of 3 pedons along a toposequence of perhumid forest soils facing a subalpine lake in northeastern Taiwan to gain insight into the individual factors that affect weathering rates. Toposequence of the transect was investigated from summit to footslope and at the lakeshore. The natural drainage of soils varies from well drained to poorly drained. The major minerals...
In the semi-arid savannas of southern Arizona, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and saprophytic fungi are unique and measurable linkages between soil, plant and erosion processes. In the first growing season following burning significant declines in perennial grass cover and soil infiltration rates were observed, as were increases in bulk density. In the second growing season, perennial grass cover and...
Measuring and modelling the soil shrinkage curve (ShC) has generated increased interest, but uncertainty in shrinkage curve parameters has not been documented, and the most recent models have not been compared. This study was performed on 11 core samples collected in the same horizon of a vertisol. The objectives of the study were to (i) characterize the anisotropy of soil samples shrinkage by comparison...
In geologically stable areas in the tropics, climatic changes and geomorphic cycles give origin to polygenetic soils. Polygenesis involves new soil formation phases taking place on preweathered materials from previous phases, resulting in soils with rather similar chemical and mineralogical properties. Polygenetic soils from Minas Gerais, Brazil, were investigated with the purpose of distinguishing...
Sorption of glyphosate and phosphate by four contrasting soils from Tanzania, an Andisol (Sasanda), two Oxisols (Lubonde, Mlingano) and an Ultisol (Nkundi), with variable-charge clay minerals was studied by batch sorption experiments, during which glyphosate and phosphate were added separately as well as together (competitive sorption). Agreement was found between glyphosate and phosphate sorption...
The objective of this study was to characterise the composition, structure and functionalities of humic acids (HAs) isolated from hydromorphic sandy soils of the upper Negro river basin, Amazonas, Brazil, in order to obtain information on organic matter dynamics in these tropical forest ecosystems. For this purpose, three soil layers, i.e., the superficial earthworm casts, the A horizon and the Bh...
Little attention has been given to the influence of freezing on P cycling in wetlands. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of freeze–thaw treatments on the P sorption properties of wetland soils, and to determine possible further impact on P retention in wetland soils. In laboratory incubations, six surface soils with varying amounts of P added (0–320 mg P L −1 ), was continuously...
Two soils developed over 21 years on a homogeneous mine spoil bank — one under a pure plantation of Quercus robur L., the other under a mixed plantation Q. robur L. and N-fixer Alnus cordata Loisel. — were compared and contrasted in terms of quantity and quality of organic matter. The amount of both organic C and N are significantly higher in the mixed stand, with the differences confined to the mineral...
Although the Kyoto Protocol does not require commitments from developing countries, carbon inventories are essential and required for further assessing the potential roles developing countries can play in mitigating the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Here we present estimates of terrestrial carbon pools as soil organic carbon and carbonate carbon in soils of China by using inventory...
Halloysite and gibbsite, although known to require quite different conditions for their formation, commonly occur together in the same horizon in oxisols derived from andesitic parent materials in tropical Costa Rica. We selected two soils of similar parent material, but of different ages and soil moisture regimes to identify possible clues to the coexistence of these two minerals. We employed selective...
In this paper morphological and physical characteristics, as well as flow behaviour of a Mediterranean Vertisol under the influence of two different irrigation systems currently used for irrigation, i.e. drip and sprinkler systems, were compared. No differences in soil texture, compaction and in potential cracking were found on cores from the two fields. However, field application of methylene blue...
Multi-strain biofertilizer consisting of three indigenous cyanobacterial isolates was applied to an organically poor semi-arid clay–loam soil (pH 7; electrical conductivity, EC, 0.8 dSm −1 ; total organic carbon, TOC, 0.34%; total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, TKN, 0.06%) in pot-house experiment. During the 240 d experiment under conditions of limited water regime (6–12% soil moisture), there was a significant...
The quality of maps obtained by interpolation of observations of a target environmental variable at a restricted number of locations, is partly determined by the spatial pattern of the sample locations. A method is presented for optimization of the sample pattern when the environmental variable is interpolated with the help of exhaustively known covariates, which are assumed to be linearly related...
In humid tropical areas, the spatial distribution of volcanic ash soils generally follows a weathering sequence in which halloysite-rich soils represent an intermediate weathering stage between young soils (Andosols) and strongly weathered soils (Ferralsols). Strongly weathered soils rich in crystalline iron oxide and kaolinite are known for their fast and free drainage as well as for their large...
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